How are memories stored and retrieved from inside the human brain?

Memories are stored in short-term memory (STM). STM is a form of short-term memory, which consists of information that is stored for a short period and then forgotten. It can be thought of as a sort of “memory bank” that stores information about a specific event or situation. For example, if you are driving down the road and you see a car in front of you, you may be able to recall the details of the car’s appearance, its license plate number, and the fact that it was a red car. However, it is unlikely that you can recall all of these details at the same time. Instead, the information is organized in a way that allows it to be retrieved at a later time when you need it most. Which we called episodic memory. In contrast, long-term memories (LTM) are those that last for years or even decades. LTM is also referred to as declarative memory because it refers to a set of facts about an event, such as the name of a person, a place, or a period. These types of memories are known as semantic memory and are associated with the hippocampus (the brain’s memory center), which is responsible for storing and retrieving these memories. The hippocampus also plays an important role in forming new memories, as well as forming memories that have already been formed.
…
The hippocampus is the most important part of your brain, but it’s not the only part. Your brain also contains other parts, including the thalamus, cerebellum, basal ganglia, limbic system (which controls emotions and behavior), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The CSF is made up of fluid that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord from injury and infection. When a brain injury occurs, this fluid can become contaminated with blood and other substances that can cause brain damage. As a result, many people who have brain injuries are unable to move their arms or legs for several weeks or months after the injury. If you have had a stroke or other injury to one or more brain areas, your doctor may want to perform an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan to see if there are any abnormalities in these areas. An MRI scan can also be used to determine the extent of damage to other brain regions. A CT scan (computed tomography) is another imaging technique that uses a magnetic field to create a 3-D image of an area of interest. CT scans can help doctors determine how much damage has been done to specific brain structures and how long it will take for these structures to heal.